Seguridad clínica del paciente y calidad de la atención en una unidad de hemodiálisis de Quevedo, Ecuador

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70577/xm5yvj48

Keywords:

Seguridad del Paciente; Lista de Verificación; Diálisis Renal; Calidad de La Atención de Salud; Satisfacción del Paciente

Abstract

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la implementación de prácticas de seguridad del paciente, la calidad de atención percibida y la frecuencia de eventos adversos intradiálisis en pacientes adultos de una unidad especializada de hemodiálisis en Quevedo, Ecuador.

Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico en 152 pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis (muestreo por conveniencia). Se aplicaron tres instrumentos de elaboración propia: lista de verificación de seguridad (15 items; 0-15), registro de eventos adversos intradiálisis y encuesta de calidad percibida (0-100). Los instrumentos fueron validados por juicio de expertos (IVC >= 0.8) y se evaluó su consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach). Se utilizaron correlación de Spearman, Kruskal-Wallis con post hoc y regresión lineal múltiple (α = 0.05)

Resultados: Se observó una correlación positiva muy fuerte entre seguridad y calidad percibida (rho = 0.8525; p < 0.001) y una correlación negativa fuerte entre seguridad y eventos adversos (rho = - 0.6678 ; p < 0.001). La media de calidad percibida fue 84.1 en pacientes sin eventos adversos versus 60.5 en quienes presentaron dos eventos (p < 0.001) En el modelo multivariado, la seguridad fue el único predictor independiente de la calidad percibida (β = 5.41; IC95%: 4.88-5.94; R ^ 2 = 0.737 p < 0.001)

Conclusiones: La implementación sistemática de prácticas de seguridad se asoció con mayor calidad percibida y menor frecuencia de eventos adversos intradiálisis, respaldando el uso estructurado de listas de verificación como estrategia de mejora continua en hemodiálisis.

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Published

2026-03-06

How to Cite

Seguridad clínica del paciente y calidad de la atención en una unidad de hemodiálisis de Quevedo, Ecuador. (2026). Innovación Integral, 3(1), 412-432. https://doi.org/10.70577/xm5yvj48

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