Ejercicio terapéutico en adultos con síndrome metabólico: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/3mwthe38Palabras clave:
Síndrome Metabólico; Terapia por Ejercicio; Modalidades de Fisioterapia; Entrenamiento de Resistencia; Revisión Sistemática.Resumen
Analizar la efectividad de las estrategias fisioterapéuticas basadas en ejercicio terapéutico estructurado sobre los componentes cardiometabólicos de adultos con síndrome metabólico.
Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo PRISMA, con búsqueda en PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados en adultos con síndrome metabólico o criterios compatibles, que evaluaran ejercicio aeróbico, resistencia, entrenamiento concurrente, HIIT, ejercicio multicomponente o programas supervisados. Los desenlaces fueron circunferencia de cintura, presión arterial, glucosa, triglicéridos, HDL, peso, IMC, HOMA-IR, reversión del síndrome metabólico, adherencia y calidad
de vida. Se identificaron 1.245 registros y se incluyeron 14 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. El ejercicio terapéutico mostró efectos favorables sobre resistencia a la insulina, glucosa, cintura, presión arterial, composición corporal, capacidad funcional y calidad de vida. El entrenamiento combinado aeróbico-resistencia presentó los efectos más consistentes, mientras que el HIIT ofreció beneficios cardiometabólicos con menor tiempo de sesión.
El ejercicio terapéutico estructurado es una estrategia fisioterapéutica eficaz para mejorar componentes del síndrome metabólico, por consiguiente, la modalidad debe individualizarse según condición funcional, riesgo cardiometabólico, seguridad y adherencia.
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Derechos de autor 2026 María Paula Calispa Espín , Salomé Isabel Puente Vinueza , Sharon Pamela Galarza Espinosa , Juan Francisco Calispa Espín , José Daniel Calispa Espín (Autor/a)
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