Alfabetización en inteligencia artificial generativa: del uso instrumental a la autorregulación en un curso intensivo de cálculo

Autores/as

  • Melvin Ramírez Tecnológico de Costa Rica Autor/a

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70577/2rvtzz63

Resumen

La incorporación de la inteligencia artificial generativa (IAGen) en la educación superior plantea un dilema: puede potenciar el aprendizaje o convertirse en un atajo que simula competencia sin desarrollarla. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar en qué medida un proceso estructurado de alfabetización en IAGen facilita la transición desde un uso instrumental de estas herramientas (como generadoras de respuestas) hacia un uso reflexivo y autorregulado (como tutor que fortalece la autonomía), en un curso intensivo de verano de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral. Se empleó un diseño mixto que combinó la comparación del desempeño de los estudiantes antes y después de la intervención (pruebas resueltas con y sin asistencia de IA, n = 24) con entrevistas a estudiantes de distintos niveles de rendimiento. La intervención se organizó en cinco fases: reconocer los errores de la IA, aprender a formular buenas preguntas, auditar críticamente sus respuestas, adaptar el apoyo a cada nivel y acordar un compromiso ético de uso. Antes de la alfabetización, los estudiantes lograban buenos resultados con ayuda de la IA, pero su rendimiento caía de forma notable al resolver problemas por su cuenta. Tras la intervención esa brecha se redujo, el desempeño autónomo mejoró de manera significativa (un efecto moderado y educativamente relevante) y la proporción de estudiantes en riesgo de reprobar disminuyó a la mitad; las entrevistas confirmaron un uso más consciente y estratégico de la herramienta. Se concluye que el factor decisivo no es la herramienta en sí, sino la pedagogía que la acompaña: una alfabetización deliberada permite que la IAGen funcione como un genuino apoyo al aprendizaje y no como un sustituto del pensamiento

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Publicado

2026-06-17

Cómo citar

Ramírez, M. (2026). Alfabetización en inteligencia artificial generativa: del uso instrumental a la autorregulación en un curso intensivo de cálculo. Innovación Integral, 3(2), 1403-1423. https://doi.org/10.70577/2rvtzz63